New research conducted using data collected by NASA’s now-retired InSight mission has revealed that Mars is bombarded by hundreds of basketball-sized meteoroids each year, leading to impact craters and seismic activity. This information could prove valuable for mission planners as they determine suitable landing sites for future robotic missions and potential human crews on the red planet.
Although the InSight lander’s mission came to an end in December 2022 due to dust accumulation on its solar panels, the data it collected continues to fuel ongoing research. Equipped with the first seismometer on Mars, InSight detected more than 1,300 marsquakes during its time on the planet. These marsquakes are caused by cracks in the Martian subsurface due to pressure and heat.
In addition to detecting marsquakes, InSight also captured evidence of meteoroids colliding with Mars. Meteoroids are space rocks that have broken away from larger bodies and range in size from dust grains to small asteroids. The Martian atmosphere, which is only 1% as thick as Earth’s atmosphere, allows more meteoroids to pass through without disintegrating.
Researchers studying InSight’s data identified eight new impact craters that had not been previously detected by orbiters. Two of these craters were among the largest ever detected on Mars and were approximately the size of football fields. The occurrence of two large impacts within 90 days suggests either an unlikely coincidence or a higher rate of impacts than previously estimated.
Seismic events recorded by InSight also provided insight into the frequency and size of meteoroid impacts. The data indicated that between 280 and 360 meteoroids collide with Mars each year, creating impact craters larger than 26 feet (8 meters) in diameter. Larger craters spanning 98 feet (30 meters) occur approximately once a month.
By analyzing seismic data, researchers have identified around 80 marsquakes that may have been caused by meteoroid impacts. These impact-induced marsquakes differ in frequency and duration from other marsquakes caused by subsurface activity. The ability to detect even the slightest ground movements on Mars using seismic data allows for a more accurate understanding of the frequency and effects of meteoroid impacts on the planet.
This new research suggests that Mars may be more geologically active than previously thought, potentially impacting our understanding of the planet’s surface and its evolution over time. Additionally, studying the impact rates on Mars provides valuable insights into the wider solar system and the potential hazards posed by impacting bodies.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What has the new research using NASA’s InSight mission data revealed about Mars?
The research has revealed that Mars is bombarded by hundreds of basketball-sized meteoroids each year, leading to impact craters and seismic activity.
2. How can this information be valuable for mission planners?
This information can be valuable for mission planners as they determine suitable landing sites for future robotic missions and potential human crews on Mars.
3. What were some of the major contributions of the InSight mission?
The InSight mission, before it came to an end in December 2022, detected more than 1,300 marsquakes using the first seismometer on Mars. It also captured evidence of meteoroids colliding with the planet and identified new impact craters.
4. What are meteoroids?
Meteoroids are space rocks that have broken away from larger bodies and range in size from dust grains to small asteroids.
5. Why are more meteoroids able to pass through Mars’ atmosphere compared to Earth’s atmosphere?
Mars’ atmosphere is only 1% as thick as Earth’s atmosphere, allowing more meteoroids to pass through without disintegrating.
6. How many meteoroid impacts occur on Mars each year?
The data suggests that between 280 and 360 meteoroids collide with Mars each year, creating impact craters larger than 26 feet (8 meters) in diameter.
7. What is the significance of the recently detected impact craters?
Researchers identified eight new impact craters, two of which were among the largest ever detected on Mars. The occurrence of two large impacts within a short period raises questions about the rate of impacts, potentially leading to a reevaluation of previous estimations.
8. How do the seismic events recorded by InSight contribute to understanding meteoroid impacts?
By analyzing seismic data, researchers have identified around 80 marsquakes that may have been caused by meteoroid impacts. This helps to understand the frequency and effects of meteoroid impacts on Mars.
9. What is the impact of this research on our understanding of Mars?
This research suggests that Mars may be more geologically active than previously thought, which can impact our understanding of the planet’s surface and its evolution over time.
10. What are the wider implications of studying impact rates on Mars?
Studying impact rates on Mars provides valuable insights into the wider solar system and the potential hazards posed by impacting bodies.
Key Terms:
– InSight – A NASA mission to study the deep interior of Mars, equipped with a seismometer and a suite of other scientific instruments.
– Marsquakes – Seismic events detected on Mars, typically caused by cracks in the Martian subsurface due to pressure and heat.
– Meteoroids – Space rocks that have broken away from larger bodies and range in size from dust grains to small asteroids.
– Impact Craters – Depressions on the surface of a celestial body, such as a planet or moon, caused by the impact of meteoroids or other impacting bodies.
Suggested Related Links:
– NASA
– NASA Mars Exploration Program
– NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory